🎯 NARRATION CHANGE 🎯

SSC | PSC | RAIL | POLICE Exam Special Notes

📌 Narration কী?

কারো বলা কথাকে দুইভাবে প্রকাশ করা যায় —

• Direct Speech → বক্তার কথা হুবহু quotation mark ("") এর মধ্যে লেখা হয়
• Indirect Speech → বক্তার কথা নিজের ভাষায়, quotation mark ছাড়া লেখা হয়

Direct: He said, "I am happy."
Indirect: He said that he was happy.

🧩 Direct Speech এর গঠন

প্রতিটি Direct Speech-এ দুটি অংশ থাকে —

Reporting Verb
যেমনঃ He said, She says, They told me — quotation mark এর আগের অংশ

Reported Speech
যেমনঃ "I am going home." — quotation mark এর ভিতরের অংশ

🔁 Reporting Verb পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম

Reported Speech যদি Assertive Sentence হয় তাহলে নিচের নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হবে —

said to → told

যদি Reporting Verb এর পরে Object থাকে (কাকে বলা হয়েছে), তাহলে "said to" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "told" হবে

He said to me, "I am tired." → He told me that he was tired.

Object না থাকলে "said" ঠিকই থাকবে, শুধু "that" যোগ হবে

He said, "I am tired." → He said that he was tired.

⏳ Tense পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম

শর্ত: Reporting Verb যদি Past Tense এ থাকে (said/told), তাহলে Reported Speech এর Tense ও পরিবর্তন হবে। Reporting Verb Present/Future হলে Tense পরিবর্তন হবে না।

✅ প্রধান পরিবর্তনগুলো:

Present Indefinite → Past Indefinite

"I play." → He said that he played.

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

"I am playing." → He said that he was playing.

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

"I have played." → He said that he had played.

Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

"I have been playing." → He said that he had been playing.

Past Indefinite → Past Perfect

"I played." → He said that he had played.

Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

"I was playing." → He said that he had been playing.

shall/will → should/would

"I shall go." → He said that he would go.

can → could, may → might, must → had to

"I can swim." → He said that he could swim.

⚠️ Past Perfect এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না, কারণ এটাই সবচেয়ে পিছনের tense।
⚠️ চিরন্তন সত্য (Universal Truth) বা Habitual কাজ হলে Tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
উদাহরণ: He said that the sun rises in the east.

👤 Pronoun পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম

একটি সহজ Formula মনে রাখুনঃ

🔑 Person Rule: 1st Person বদলায় Subject অনুযায়ী, 2nd Person বদলায় Object অনুযায়ী, 3rd Person কখনো বদলায় না।

I → Subject অনুযায়ী (he/she/they)
We → Subject অনুযায়ী (they)
You → Object অনুযায়ী (him/her/them)
He/She/They/It → অপরিবর্তিত থাকে

He said to me, "I love you." → He told me that he loved me.

🕒 Time & Place শব্দের পরিবর্তন

Reporting Verb Past Tense হলে নিচের শব্দগুলো পরিবর্তন হয় —

• now → then
• here → there
• today → that day
• tonight → that night
• tomorrow → the next day / the following day
• yesterday → the day before / the previous day
• this → that
• these → those
• ago → before
• last night → the previous night / the night before
• next week/year → the following week/year
• last week/year → the previous week/year

1️⃣ Assertive Sentence এর Narration

Connector হিসেবে "that" ব্যবহার হয়

Direct: She said, "I am fine."
Indirect: She said that she was fine.

2️⃣ Interrogative Sentence এর Narration

প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যে দুই ধরনের নিয়ম প্রযোজ্য —

🅰️ Yes/No প্রশ্ন (Auxiliary verb দিয়ে শুরু)

Reporting Verb said/said to → asked
Connector হিসেবে if / whether বসে

Direct: He said to me, "Are you well?"
Indirect: He asked me if I was well.

🅱️ WH- প্রশ্ন (What, Where, Who, Why, When, How)

WH- word নিজেই Connector হিসেবে কাজ করে, আলাদা connector লাগে না

Direct: He said to me, "Where do you live?"
Indirect: He asked me where I lived.

⚠️ Interrogative Sentence Indirect হলে Question mark (?) উঠে যায় এবং বাক্য Statement এর মতো (Subject + Verb) হয়ে যায়।

3️⃣ Imperative Sentence এর Narration

আদেশ, অনুরোধ, উপদেশ বোঝালে —

আদেশ (Order) হলে said/said to → ordered/commanded
অনুরোধ (Request) হলে → requested
উপদেশ (Advice) হলে → advised
Verb এর আগে to বসে (Affirmative হলে)

Direct: He said to me, "Go there."
Indirect: He ordered me to go there.

Negative Imperative হলে Verb এর আগে not to বসে

Direct: He said to me, "Do not go there."
Indirect: He forbade me to go there. / He ordered me not to go there.

অনুরোধ বা মিনতি বোঝালে Please/Kindly থাকলে → requested

Direct: He said to me, "Please help me."
Indirect: He requested me to help him.

4️⃣ Optative Sentence এর Narration

শুভকামনা/আশীর্বাদ/অভিশাপ বোঝালে —

said → wished / prayed

Direct: He said, "May you live long!"
Indirect: He wished that I might live long.

5️⃣ Exclamatory Sentence এর Narration

আনন্দ, দুঃখ, বিস্ময় বোঝালে —

said → exclaimed with joy / exclaimed with sorrow / exclaimed with wonder
Interjection (Hurrah, Alas, Bravo ইত্যাদি) উঠে যায়

Direct: He said, "Hurrah! We have won the match."
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

Direct: She said, "Alas! I am undone."
Indirect: She exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.

Direct: He said, "What a beautiful flower it is!"
Indirect: He exclaimed with wonder that it was a very beautiful flower.

⚡ Exam এ দ্রুত মনে রাখার Shortcut

• Step 1: প্রথমে দেখুন বাক্যটি কোন Type — Assertive/Interrogative/Imperative/Optative/Exclamatory
• Step 2: Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন করুন (said to → told, ইত্যাদি)
• Step 3: সঠিক Connector বসান (that/if-whether/WH word/to)
• Step 4: Pronoun পরিবর্তন করুন
• Step 5: Tense পরিবর্তন করুন (Reporting verb Past হলে)
• Step 6: Time & Place word পরিবর্তন করুন

🎯 SSC/PSC/Rail/Police পরীক্ষায় সবচেয়ে বেশি আসে: Assertive ও Imperative sentence-এর Narration change — এই দুটোর উপর সবচেয়ে বেশি practice করুন।

✅ ভালো করে Practice করুন — Narration Change এ ভালো নম্বর পাকা! 🎯